W John Martin M.D., Ph.D.

Saturday, October 30, 2004

Other Blogs of W. John Martin

Synopsis of Research by W. John Martin

Physicians should be willing to judge their profession not on the incomes that can be generated but on the illnesses that have yet to be treated. Mankind is at risk of extermination by infectious diseases yet barely any microbiological attention is being paid to the emergence of new illnesses of potential infectious origin. The cause of over 60% of hospitalized cases of encephalitis in the United States remains unknown. Illnesses such as autism in infants, learning and behavioral disorders in children, psychiatric maladies in adults and so called neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly have increased markedly in recent decades, as have certain forms of cancer. Yet where is the Public Health initiative to look for an infectious cause of these epidemics or to follow up on reports of viruses that are going undetected by the immune system? These are the so called “stealth-adapted” viruses, some of which were unequivocally derived from monkey cytomegalovirus contaminants of live polio virus vaccines.

Instead of moving forward on the concept of stealth-adapted viruses, the establishment chose to suppress the messenger. “You’ve proven it John,” once said a friend “but they will never give you a platform to present your ideas.” Not to have a manuscript entitled “DNA sequence analysis of a stealth-adapted simian cytomegalovirus” included in the recently released proceedings of a 2002 Institute of Medicine meeting was yet another reminder of the uphill battle being faced.

Truth will win out but unfortunately it is slow in coming for many of those currently struggling with less than optimal brain function. Indeed a real advance appears to be at hand in the form of energy based medicine. An important clue was learning how the body was handling stealth-adapted viruses in the absence of an effective immune defense. An alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway apparently operates in the recovery of virus infected cells. This pathway involves complex mineral containing particulate materials that I have termed ACE pigments. They share electrical, light-absorbing and electron donating properties with natural products including humic and fulvic acids and terpenes. Dietary supplements containing these substances are available and various patient groups are being asked to participate in clinical trials using a blend of the products.

Other natural products, including a non-toxic mineral and herbal “homeopathic” preparation also possess ACE pigment-like activities. The product was originally called HANSI for homeopathic activator of the natural system-immune. I argued that the product was probably not working on the immune system but through the alternative cellular energy pathway. The formula was slightly adjusted and the product renamed Enercell. It was proven in independent studies performed in El Salvador to be highly effective in suppressing tropical diarrhea. It needs to be tested in patients infected with stealth-adapted viruses.

I learned that ultraviolet light illumination of neutral red stained oral and genital Herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced ulcers was working for the individual who originally devised this procedure. Others were unable to reproduce his findings. It soon became clear that ACE pigments might be involved. Continued studies were done under the auspices of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and communication was established with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The procedure also works on shingles caused by Herpes zoster virus (HZV) and an human papillomavirus (HPV) genital and common cutaneous warts. It clearly involves energy transfer of a healing reaction since not all lesions in a patient need to be treated. Moreover the scourge of having herpetic lesions recur over time appears to be blunted in those who have received local treatment. Research confirmed the neutral red, as well as some other dyes, can interact with ACE pigments.

Public Health ignorance and denial of stealth-adapted viruses will need to withstand the results obtained by an individual from Florida who had learned of my research. Not being able to make contact with me he simply called the Miami zoo and asked how they test for monkey cytomegalovirus. He learned of a molecular testing laboratory in Los Angeles and had the presence of mind to christen himself with a monkey sounding name. The result came back that he (his monkey) was infected with a simian cytomegalovirus. He contacted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and at least someone listened. They arranged for culture testing at Georgia State University. Their cultures didn’t work but mine did. I had to get a lawyer to order his testing for legal and not medical purposes. This ludicrous situation arose from federal prohibition of my doing stealth virus testing. Supposedly my testing was posing an imminent threat to the nation’s health!

The stage is now set to move forward. The hospital owner from whom I rent some laboratory space would like to recoup unpaid rent. Two clinicians are willing to work together in a clinic in a downtown hospital owed by the same owner. One clinician is interested in autism. A mother of an autistic child has been successful in organizing conferences on autism. Parents pay to be herded before commercially oriented healthcare providers touting incoherent and inconsistent explanations as to why their services should be utilized. She had set up a clinic in Texas and wanted a branch in Los Angeles. She also wants a virus panel to be added to her extensive, and expensive, mineral analyses and food allergy testing protocols. But at least she is hearing the message that an answer might well be available now for treating and hopefully preventing autism. Next in line is surely the lawyer she spoke of as being possibly willing to fast forward the program with serious funding.

What could emerge from an all out, well funded effort? Mankind would be better prepared for an onslaught from the microbial world. There are strong indications that stealth-adapted viruses can pass through bacteria. They can also acquire cancer causing genes. Bacteria transmitting cancer causing stealth-adapted viruses is a real concern. Not that the current situation is not an enormous tragedy. If a generation ago it was foretold that ten percent of today’s children would be learning disabled and more than one percent of male infants destined to become autistic, surely our leaders would not have remained as complacent as they appeared to have been. There is a need for catch up to meet today’s challenges.

On a positive note, the research may see the demise of the pharmaceutical model as the only legitimate form of medical therapy. Many previously poorly understood, and occasionally actively suppressed medical phenomena will likely find a rationale in terms of cellular energy pathways. Humans may return to the wisdom of our forefathers that we exist in a sea of energies that interconnect humans with each other and indeed with the entire biosphere. More immediately, there is likely to be relief for many of those for whom conventional therapeutics has failed to achieve results.

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.

Sunday, October 24, 2004

Do Patient Support Groups Impede Progress

Diseases and physical handicaps have been pursued by pharmaceutical interests as primarily money making opportunities. This same intention has unfortunately entered into the dynamics of many patient support groups. Using the justification that they need money to survive and spurred by competition of whose organization can raise the most funds, patients have become little more than the cash cows to support egocentric aspirations of the leadership of so called patient support groups. A more appropriate term could be patient supported groups. Liaisons have been established between these groups and product and services suppliers, including specialized clinical testing laboratories. A proven modality is the disease focused conference supposedly to enlighten patients and parents of sick children.
The business invitations read as follows: Rent a booth at five or more thousand dollars and you can participate as a speaker. The faculty is instructed to not criticize each other. The organizers hype the pseudoscience being presented to evoke standing ovations. Yet most talks are uninspiring, internally incoherent and restricted by not considering much of the available data. More disturbingly, different talks are commonly contradictory with their pitch focusing on a commercial product, service or laboratory test.
When confronted with new information, the position of the leaderships of some of the groups that I have encountered has been to suppress rather than foster open communication. "We need to get our hands around it first." In other words, we need to work out how we can benefit. They appear to be worried that the information will upstage their experts. Moreover, their focus on a particular disease might be threatened if their disease was to be lumped in with many other diseases.
The obvious answer is to directly communicate with patients and to seek out those who have stayed true to the ideal of putting the patients' interests first. It will be interesting to see how useful the internet may be. I would appreciate any feedback to s3support@email.com

Tuesday, June 29, 2004

Brief History of S3Support by W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.

In late 2002, I was invited to visit a gentleman who had been pursuing alternative approaches to the medical care of his 48 year old son. I soon learned that his son was diagnosed as having schizophrenia at age 18. His parents were determined that he not be institutionalized. Instead, he has remained at home for the last 30 years. While I enjoyed conversing with the son, I felt the stress of the inevitable misunderstandings and both emotional and verbal outbursts. I marveled at the resilience and sacrifice that his parents had made and indicated so to the father. "It's nothing John," he replied. He then told me of his friends being shot dead during World War II, and having survived how could he be anything but thankful for his life. He was, however, concerned with what was going to happen to his son. He told me how his wife and he had formed a non-profit foundation along with two other sets of parents of children with mental illnesses. They had named it MI Hope for Mental Illness hope. "Could I possibly use it," he asked. It was refreshing to have someone offer a gift, no strings attached, "just make good used of it" was his request. I accepted an appointment to their Board of Directors and then their resignations. Next day I called the IRS for further instructions. As I tend to do with everyone who will listen, I started talking about stealth viruses and then about the generosity of the individual providing the foundation. The IRS official interrupted "But I thought schizophrenia was a chemical imbalance." "Yes, I replied, but the question is what causes the chemical imbalance? It may well be the types of viruses I am studying." He quickly grasped the idea and enthusiastically suggested I might want to go further than a private non-profit foundation. "Why not make it a public non-profit?" He then proceeded to tell me the type of ruling I should request from the IRS. I asked if I could then build a membership-based organization. "Not only can you, but you should," was his reply. The dye was cast.

I next received a call from another outstanding individual. A year earlier, he had suffered the loss of both legs, extensive damage to both arms and widespread burns from an assassination attempt in the Philippines. With extraordinary courage, true grit and a lot of MSM, he was determined to rebuild his remaining body and go back into the fray. He was also there to help me. I held onto the phone line as he made the call to Bonnie Armstrong, secretary to Mr. Beryl Wolk, a marketing genius in Philadelphia. Send Mr. Wolk an e-mail was Bonnie's reply. The response was clear, "I would be delighted to help." I was riding a wave. Even in his office, I seemed to fit Mr. Wolk's model that "Coincidences are God's way of staying anonymous." I was equally impressed by a quotation in a letter he had received from a prominent business leader "While it is nice to be important, it is more important to be nice." Mr. Wolk's strategy is: Synergy is leverage. At age 27, he founded the American association of Retired Persons (AARP). He is also credited with newspaper inserts, Parade magazine, etc., etc. I should simply work within his vast network of contacts. First thing is to develop a Portal on the internet, rather than have a simple web site. His friend Marty Berne from Florida could help. Provide benefits to members far beyond any membership fees to be charged. Then tell the world of your concerns. I took pride in his assessment that I had long put any greed aside and simply wanted to do what was right. His ending comments from a wonderful two day visit was that "The Biophysics Institute,"(my suggested new name for the Center for Complex Infectious Diseases), was too narrow. "Dr. John you need a catchier label like M3 for Medical Miracle Maker." I shuddered to think how this would be received by my wife or friends.

The next night, M became S and the words became Scientific, Social and Spiritual. S3Support, that was what was needed. As if more than a coincidence, I was meeting with Shari Galardi for breakfast next morning. She had assembled a group of talented individuals to assist her develop a Sacred Arts Conference Center for spiritual leaders in southern Oregon. She was willing to buy 260 acres. I soon learned of her interests and prior experience in creating low level income housing. Her growing support team already included a polished author whose work is showcased on the internet at angelfingerprints.com; a hard hitting publisher of Dandelion Books, a film producer from Los Angeles, and a talented business plan organizer from Hawaii. Here were the two S's to complement the Scientific component. With time, I could see how we would all merge into a collective effort. Synergy was indeed to be the leverage to achieve our common goal and accountability to the group's conscience was to keep us focused on doing what was right.

The model of a University with its component Schools, Institutes, Departments and Faculty members, soon sprang to mind. I had accomplished some good science with two additional publications finally appearing in the journal Experimental and Molecular Pathology. I knew I could write several more papers and was reassured they would be well received by the Journal's editor. More importantly, I knew what studies were needed to "pin down" the ideas suggested by the earlier work. I needed to move faster with the Master Plan so as to be able to resume research. I also recognized the talents of a loosely knitted clinical research team that was beginning to form. Dr. Tom Magee an outstanding diagnostician, with a yearning to test his very bright ideas, many of which extended beyond the limits of conventional medicine. Dr. Praban Mishra, a skillful, Beverly Hills plastic surgeon, with training in veterinary medicine, ophthalmology and ageing medicine. He too wanted to be in academics. Dr. Daniel Darvish, who had taken on the challenge of conquering an inherited inclusion body myopathy that had affected him and other Jewish individuals from Iran. Dr. James Julian, who at 78 was an icon for ageing medicine. He had kindly opened his Hollywood offices to me and to many proponents of alternative medicine. Several other uniquely knowledgeable healthcare providers, along with an array of truly outstanding individuals, entered my life with their generous willingness to share. None would be considered successful by any monetary standards, but they each excelled in the richness of life experiences.

Then there were the physicists who were willing to think beyond the conventional discipline. They all believed that Dr. Royal Raymond Rife had the answer to cancer and infectious diseases way back in the 1930's. The victim of the assassination attempt was also a devotee of Dr. Rife and had kindly supplied me with detailed drawings of Rife microscopes, circuits, etc. I became acutely aware of the barriers that thwarted many pioneering researchers. I would read with some sadness the uphill battles of individuals such as Drs. Rife, Edgar Cayce, Edward Rosenow, and others.

Yet I knew of successes, sometimes in unexpected ways. Possibly led by Dr. Cayce's ideas on animated ash, Clayton Tedeton from Calhoun, Louisiana had devised a soap that was helping restore health when used in daily hot baths. For nearly 20 years, his products were being sold on a limited scale under the name of Miracle II. Typically they would sell for $16.00 from his factory or at less than $10.00 from discounting distributors. The product caught the attention of the Schlegel brothers. Jeff Schlegel had worked with HerbaLife and knew what to do. Package the products under a new name, increase the cost of individual items to $22.00 and start a multi-level marketing program. In less than a year, he had assembled over 14,000 distributors with greater than a million dollar monthly sales. Gosh, I thought, this is a testament to the existence of the epidemic that I was trying to convey to Public Health officials. In exchange for encouraging your distributors to join S3Support, I offered to do the much needed double blinded study. I could understand how the product might be working by helping remove and/or reduce (in the chemical sense) the ACE pigments present in stealth virus infected patients. As part of a comprehensive plan and without the hullabaloo as to ingredients, this type of product, if validated by double-blinded studies, and if sold at the lowest possible price, could potentially be very helpful. Unfortunately, with the growing success of the company, the idea of my challenging their basic assertions with a double blinded study no longer sparked any interest. Again it seemed that while money is needed to realize good intentions, yearning for it can also hinder the willingness to "do what is right." Although a set back to the overnight infusion of 14,000 or so members to S3Support, this type of experience once more strengthened the justification to establish an organization that was willing to go on record as being guided more by patients' interests than by profits. With this theme in mind, I have been amazed at the willingness of others to forego the business model for a truly humanitarian effort. While S3Support is still growing, it is now ready to accept members.

CLIA Correspondence

CLIA Correspondence

July 24, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller,
CMS, DSO/CLIA Division
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco, CA 94105
Fax 415-744-2692

Dear Karen,

In good faith, I provided the California Department of Health and your Office a comprehensive response to a Statement of Deficiencies. My response was received by the State on Monday afternoon. Yesterday, I was notified by Fax that my response was unsatisfactory and a recommendation for sanctions has been forwarded to your Office. I trust your Office will not be so quick to judgement.

I would like to work within the system to "establish the existence of atypically structured cytopathic viruses and to demonstrate a culture method for their detection." In this regard, I have reviewed the Inspector General Report on CLIA Regulation of Unestablished Laboratory Test. I realize that CMS does not validate tests and I am not asking you to do so. What I would like, however, is to have your support and guidance in my interactions with Los Angeles County Public Health Laboratory, CDC and CMS.

The Nation's health is our common goal. Before you take any action, I would appreciate an opportunity for an introductory phone conversation. I would also like to contact the author of the Inspector General's report. Some years ago it was suggested that I apply for a "Demonstration Project" with HCFA. I will also see if I can present the work at CDC and NIH. It would be encouraging if some of these efforts were to become part of your determinative process. I look forward to contacting you later today.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.
Laboratory Director

July 27, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller,
CMS, DSO/CLIA Division
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco, CA 94105

Dear Karen,

I had a pleasant and constructive telephone conversation with Ms. Karen Nickel, Head of the Laboratory Field Services of the California Department of Health. She kindly explained that repeated complaints had been received by the Health Department concerning CCID and in particular the testing for stealth viruses. The complaints came from CDC, certain State Health Departments and individual physicians. The complaints were essentially that patients were being misled into believing they were infected with viruses that did not exist. The California Department of Health was in no position to question the opinion of CDC or to assess how the testing was being used, or possibly abused. Staff shortage prevented action being taken last year, but with continuing complaints, closure of the laboratory was given a higher priority this year. Consequently, the California Department of Health undertook a Laboratory Field Service inspection with a predetermined outcome.

I was not surprised by this forthright explanation. Clearly I need to address the concerns of CDC. For several years, I have been trying to engage CDC in a scientific evaluation of my work. I believe the data are irrefutable, but they obviously can be ignored. In March of this year, I presented a Poster at a CDC sponsored International Workshop on Emerging Infectious Diseases. Disappointedly, it did not evoke further inquiry. I had prepared more data for an International Herpesvirus Workshop that I was unable to attend because of the limited time allowed to respond to the inspection report. At this stage, I am seeking the opportunity for an informal seminar at CDC at which I could present the data and answer questions. I would also like to demonstrate the culture techniques to laboratory technologists.

CMS is in a justified position of helping me by asking for CDC input as to whether my data "establish the existence of atypically structured cytopathic viruses." I really want to get CDC, FDA, NIH and others involved so that I can pursue hopeful leads regarding potential therapies. I am including a copy of the poster that I had presented last March.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.

cc. Karen Nickel

August 7, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller,
CMS, DSO/CLIA Division
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco, CA 94105

Dear Karen,

A serious criticism expressed by the State Examiner related to her interpretation that what she observed in some culture tubes was overgrowth of the cell sheet, or inoculum or reagent toxicity rather than viral cytopathic effect (Tag D6115). This deficiency was highlighted in another citation referring to the lack of confirmation of a positive result with acridine orange or secondary and tertiary culture or other method (Tag D6087). It also related to the issue of verification in Tag D6086, in which the examiner distinguishes between a result being reproducible and being accurate. She cited the laboratory "for not ensuring that testing methods (serology, PCR, electron microscopy, etc), that were described in the patient report, were used to differentiate 'Stealth Viruses' from conventional viruses and to individually characterize different 'Stealth Virus' isolates. Also, that those tests were (not also) performed by an outside laboratory to verify the patient 'Stealth Virus' result."

I fully appreciate the distinction between claiming isolation and characterization of a specific virus, as opposed to describing the development of a cytopathic effect, presumably caused by a virus. I have shown the characteristic cytopathic effect that I routinely observe to various expert virologists, such as Zaki Salahuddin (the discoverer of HHV-6), Luc Montagnier (the discoverer of HIV) and others. They agreed with my own opinion that the cytopathic effect was presumably viral. I have included photographs of positive cultures in several peer reviewed publications and meeting presentations without pre or post publication objections. I have submitted several isolates to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). They confirm viral growth prior to placing material in long term storage. I have retrieved several aliquots from ATCC and have experienced no difficulties in re-establishing positive long term cultures.

There are important Public Health implications if a viral cytopathic activity can be summarily dismissed by qualified medical technologists, such as the Examiner. In response to the Inspection Report, I proposed having at least six positive cultures periodically reviewed by an experienced outside virologist. I am also seeking the opportunity to demonstrate the culture techniques to CDC and other Public Health officials. I was hopeful that CMS would retain an open opinion on this critical issue until I could provide input from such authorities.

For some cultures, I do have extensive DNA sequence data and numerous electron micrographs. I did feel that these data justified the statement that techniques such as serology, PCR, electron microscopy, etc can (or could) be used to differentiate among different stealth virus isolates. I have never inferred however that these sophisticated techniques were anything other than research methods. I have never issued a clinical report with the results of serology, PCR, or electron microscopy. Nevertheless, I am more than prepared to delete all reference to such techniques in subsequent reports.
The extent of cellular abnormalities seen in positive cultures is far beyond any of the changes ever seen in an uninoculated culture. I have taken a series of illustrative photographs as part of an ongoing validation study. I will send you and the State copies by regular mail for review. As stated in my previous correspondence, uninoculated cultures were included in each experiment with written documentation of a lack of cytopathic activity included in the sterility quality control that was performed on each batch of MRC-5 cells received.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.
Laboratory Director
cc California Department of Health

August 11, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller,
CMS, DSO/CLIA Division
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco, CA 94105

Dear Karen,

The argument for Immediate Jeopardy was the conviction that patients were being harmed. This conviction was prompted in part by complains received by the California Department of Health from CDC and other Public Health authorities. These authorities doubted the existence of atypical viral infections that I have been describing over the last several years. The immediate threat to Public Health was explained to me as resulting from possible toxicity of medicines prescribed on the basis of a positive test result.

I was observing and reporting on a cytopathic effect with the qualification that it was presumably viral. I had been assured during prior CLIA inspections that this was a reasonable and legitimate statement. Nevertheless, in the most recent CLIA inspection, the point was made by the examiner that the "findings were consistent with overgrowth of the cell sheet, reagent or inoculum toxicity, rather than viral cytopathic effect indicating that test procedures were not properly verified" (Tag D6115). This opinion naturally led to concerns that I had not documented a lack of toxicity in the uninoculated tubes on each occasion that I had read a positive culture. It also raised a question regarding the possible toxicity of the Ficoll-Paque reagent. Finally, details of the double blind assays certified by Robert Gan and Russ Colins were brought into question, as was the subsequently provided affidavit of Zaki Salahuddin. To establish her case, a wide range of other issues were mentioned in the Examiner's report.

I have responded by restating the argument that I was indeed reporting on a cytopathic effect that, based on an extensive amount of data and on the opinion of acknowledged experts, can reasonably be ascribed as presumably being viral. I have re-examined a number of specimens to demonstrate the reliability and reproducibility of the assay. I have shown features in positive cultures, such as the formation of lipid crystals, ribbon-like structures and pigmented inclusions, that can not be dismissed as artifacts of simple toxicity. I have also sought the opportunity to share samples and to demonstrate culture techniques with State and Federal Public Health laboratories.

I know of no patient who has received therapy solely on the basis of a culture result. The medications that are being prescribed are based primarily on the patients' symptoms and the experience of the prescribing physicians. None of the various medications being used is considered particularly toxic. Moreover, patients will continue to be treated whether or not pre and post therapy cultures are performed. There is really no immediate jeopardy to the nation's health.

I trust you will allow me the opportunity to continue efforts to engage CDC in a scientific dialogue regarding the existence of atypically structured cytopathic viruses. As requested in my previous communications, I would appreciate if either CMS or the State could second my request for an expedited meeting to discuss the scientific data that I have compiled and to demonstrate the cytopathic effect. While I cannot force the federal government to join me in the pursuit of a viral cause of many complex neurological and neuropsychiatric illnesses, I can expect protection from a capricious and unjustified stifling of the work. I firmly believe that imposing sanctions that will prevent the continued examination of patient samples is an inappropriate exercise of the CLIA authority entrusted to CMS. I hope that I can continue to work co-operatively with you and your staff.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.
Laboratory Director
cc California Department of Health

August 11, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller,
CMS, DSO/CLIA Division
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco, CA 94105

Dear Karen,

I am pleased to enclosed both the protocol and the results of a study that validates the existing cytopathic assay conducted in my laboratory. I have maintained that processed blood from certain patients is able to produce a characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) in MRC-5 cells. The CPE is characterized by the normal spindle shaped, translucent, closely packed MRC-5 cells becoming enlarged, rounded and fusing into small, and later into larger, three dimensional cell syncytia and clusters. The cellular cytoplasm displays a vacuolated, lipid filled appearance, often accompanied by fine, darkly pigmented inclusions. In many stealth virus cultures the excess production of lipid is so marked that it deposits as extra-cellular crystals. The pigmented material can also take on the form of ribbons and large aggregates. Neither the formation of extra-cellular lipids or other structures can be easily explained on the basis of a simple toxic reaction of the cells.

The validation test consisted of 41 culture tubes. Ten of the tubes were inoculated with stored aliquots of processed blood samples that were previously shown to give a positive CPE. Ten of the tubes were inoculated with stored aliquots of processed blood samples that did not previously cause a positive CPE. Ten samples came from previously untested blood samples provided by the University of California Irvine Blood Transfusion Service. Ten tubes were designated as no-sample or uninoculated controls. Finally, as in all routine studies, a uninoculated control, designated as a Blank tube was included. X Vivo-15 medium was used for all of the tubes. Incubation, feeding and viewing of tubes were performed throughout the experiment in an identical manner without regard to the original inoculum. The tubes were examined daily by myself and independently looked at by Russ Collins, CLS at day 5. I also took photographs of all of the cultures. The results can be summarized as follows:

There was no difficulty in distinguishing a positive from a negative culture

All of the samples that previously tested positive again showed the development of the characteristic CPE

None of the samples that previously tested negative showed the development of a CPE

Three of the blood donor samples did develop a positive CPE, one of which (tube #17) was quite striking

None of the uninoculated tubes (without an added processed blood sample) showed any CPE

The control blank tube also did not show a CPE.

There was a 100% concordance with my day 5 readings and those of Mr. Russ Collins, CLS

None of 20 previously left over tubes from earlier time points showed any signs of the characteristic CPE.

I have typically saved an aliquot from many of the samples that I have tested over the last several years. I can repeat the study at any time intervals that you feel is appropriate. I can also send both positive and negative aliquots of previously tested processed blood samples to an outside laboratory. Among the selected photographs of positive cultures, several show the types of lipid crystals commonly seen in positive cultures. Other photos show the ribbon-like structures and the pigmented aggregated inclusions. I hope this information will forestall the imposition of sanctions, so that I can learn to better understand the clinical importance of such striking findings.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.
Laboratory Director
cc California Department of Health

August 14, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller,
CMS, DSO/CLIA Division
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco, CA 94105

Dear Karen,

I would like to correct the impression given to Dan Hersh that no one had confirmed my findings. As with much of science, technologists can observe the same phenomena but interpret the findings differently. The Wisconsin Viral Research Group, Ltd., offers a Rapid Culture Assay for human herpesvirus-6 that is essentially similar to what I do. The difference is that they stain the cultured MRC-5 fibroblasts with polyclonal antibodies reactive with HHV-6. I have spoken with their virologist and explained that stealth virus cultures will typically stain with a variety of polyclonal anti-viral antibodies, including anti-HHV-6 and anti-CMV. They have their proprietary reasons for wanting to promote their assay as a test for HHV-6, especially since they argue that from 40-70% of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients are positive for HHV-6 by culture.
I have shown the CPE to several bench technologists. It is not that they have not seen the changes, it just that they did not know how to interpret the changes. The waning of the CPE in infrequently fed cultures has also encouraged a disregard for the changes. Some other patients have been told they have an atypical CMV infection.

Additional support for an involvement of atypical herpesviruses in CFS patients is provided by clinical trials that use anti-herpesvirus drugs. For example a patent was recently issued to Dr. Martin Lerner on valganciclovir therapy in CFS patient. A brief summary of the patent is as follows:

United States Patent 6,399,622; Lerner June 4, 2002.

Method for diagnosing and alleviating the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome

Abstract

A method for alleviating chronic fatigue syndrome with the administration of antiviral agents. Based on clinical tests, chronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent herpes virus infection including incomplete virus multiplication and thus administration of antiviral agents are shown to alleviate the symptoms associated with the disorder. Based on therapeutic trials, patients receiving the recommended antiviral treatment, have experienced significant reduction or elimination of the symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. A method of diagnosis of the chronic fatigue syndrome is further disclosed.

I also spoke today with Dr. John Stewart of CDC. He is circulating my poster among their virologists. Given the current concern about West Nile virus, I suspect there will be strong interest in my work. It is known for example that herpesviruses can be activated by West Nile virus and that dual infection is more serious than either infection alone.

I trust this information is helpful in your deliberations and that you will not abruptly close CCID clinical laboratory. I will work diligently with you and the State if their are remaining Condition-Level deficiencies or concerns.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.
Laboratory Director
cc California Department of Health

October 12, 2002

Ms. Karen Fuller
Acting Director, CLIA Operations
Center for Medicare and Medicaid
75 Hawthorne Street, Suite 408
San Francisco CA 94105

Dear Karen,

I am responding to your letter dated October 9, 2002. I did not pursue the option of appealing your determination primarily because of the punitive consequence of an unsuccessful appeal.

Culture results from CCID have only been recorded and reported from cultures that were completed prior to August 27, 2002. In anticipation of reestablishing a diagnostic service, that I truly believe will be of potential Public Health value, I would appreciate clarification on the following issue: The phase "all patient testing operations" appears to me to be broader than the stipulation of allowing to "test human specimens but do not report patient-specific results for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or the assessment of the health of, individual patients." Especially given a challenge of needing to submit "a credible allegation of compliance and … acceptable evidence of correction" the opportunity should exist for some additional testing. Specifically, could you please clarify for me which if any of the following are acceptable practices given the current suspension of the CLIA certificate.

1. Testing my own blood sample.

2. Testing stored frozen aliquots of previously collected samples.

3. Testing a fresh sample submitted by a physician, obtained from either him/herself or donated by a patient, in which a clinical diagnosis might be provided, but for which no verbal or written report would be issued.

4. Testing donated samples submitted by a physician for which a verbal report could be discussed with the physician, but with the physician’s written assertion that the information is not being used for any purpose related to the patient’s medical care, and with the added assurance that the information would not be communicated to the patient.

5. Testing unlabeled samples from blood banks given the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) and donor approvals with, of course, no reporting of results to the blood bank.

6. Testing unlabeled samples from a hospital or clinical practice with no reporting of results.

7. Participation in a research program for which an IRB has approved testing of samples at CCID.

8. Testing samples requested by a patient or his/her attorney for forensic purposes.

9. Testing samples collected from animals.

The way the Attestation is written is somewhat confusing and possibly open to misunderstanding. I have noted the enormity of the penalty and have no interest in violating CLIA laws. May I ask, however, for you to incorporate your responses to the above questions into a more clearly defined use of the term "patient testing" in line 4 of the Attestation. I am not a lawyer and will still probably need to have some help in interpretation of the revised document. I will be in Washington D.C. for the week of October 20th and will be spending most of this week preparing for this trip. If possible, I would like to delay final signing of the attestation till the following week. No experiments will be performed in the interim period. The web site is managed by a volunteer. I have conveyed to her the need to make additional changes to the web site in accordance with your instruction. For various reasons, this too may take her several days.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.

3-3-2003

Ms Karen Fuller,
Manager
State Oversight and CLIA Branch
Division of Survey and Certification
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Department of Health Services
San Francisco Regional Office
75 Hawthore Street, 4th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94105

Re: Your response dated February 20, 2003

Dear Karen,

I read your response on March 1, 2003, having been away from the laboratory during the week. I fully understand that "a laboratory that reports any patient-specific results, either in writing or verbally, must have a valid CLIA certificate in effect." I note CLIA’s unwillingness to accept statements that "no verbal or written report would be issued," or that test results "would not be communicated to the patient or their physician." There is apparently an underlying presumption that having access to a patient identity is essentially equivalent to relaying results of any research testing to the patient or to the patient’s physician. You have my assurance that I wish to remain in full compliance with all CLIA mandated laws. I have not reported any results to patients or physicians for any testing performed since suspension of the CLIA license. Nor have I maintained any patient identification records for the few samples that were occasionally delivered to the laboratory since the CLIA suspension.

Sincerely,

W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.

Declaration of Mr. Russ Collins, CLS

I, Russell Collins am a duly licensed clinical laboratory scientist. I have known Dr. W. John Martin for over 5 years and have been a staff member of the Center for Complex Infectious Diseases (CCID) since September 1999. I can attest to the following facts:

CCID has conscientiously and reliably performed clinical laboratory testing on a human and on occasional animal derived blood samples for evidence consistent with the presence of a viral infection, of the type referred to as a stealth-adapted virus. The primary indication for the presence of such viruses is the ability of the sample to induce characteristic cellular damage in cultured fibroblast cells. The type of damage being sought was the development of foamy vacuolated cells that form clusters, and that commonly become pigmented. This type of change occurs with known stealth-adapted viruses, including the well characterized virus that Dr. Martin had previously isolated from the patient with initials D.W.

I have personally performed numerous stealth virus cultures that were requested by Dr. Martin and other physicians. Most of the testing was done on blood samples obtained from patients, but on occasions were done on control individuals, including blood donors. I have also tested several blood samples from patient D.W.

I have reported and personally signed the results of the cultures that I have performed to the requesting physicians.
A positive report indicated that I observed the development of a very characteristic cell damaging (cytopathic) effect. This effect is consistent with the presence in the blood sample of a viral agent of the type defined as a stealth-adapted virus. I reported this interpretation to the requesting physician.

A negative report indicated that I did not observe the development of a cell damaging (cytopathic) effect. For these samples, therefore, I reported to the requesting physician that there was no evidence for the existence in the sample of a viral agent of the type defined as a stealth-adapted virus.
In doing these cultures, I strictly followed the detailed procedure manuals maintained at CCID, including any revisions approved by Dr. Martin in consultation with myself and other members of the laboratory. These revisions essentially involved the process of better documentation of the rapidity of onset and intensity of the cytopathic effect.

I have, to the extent required of providing a highly reliable efficient clinical laboratory, diligently followed all procedures and maintained all needed records, as well as followed other requirements expected of the laboratory.

On numerous occasions, I would review cultures with Dr. Martin and confirm that we were in full agreement, not only in distinguishing a positive from a negative culture, but also in grading a positive culture as having a mild, moderate or severe degree of cellular damage.

On regular occasions, Dr. Martin and I would separately record our findings and subsequently review and discuss the very occasional occurrence when we disagreed as to the severity of a cytopathic effect. I can recall no instance of our disagreeing as to whether a culture was positive or negative.
I also independently conducted double blind studies in which blood samples from a group of blood donors not known to be ill were randomly assigned numbers and mixed with blood samples of patients that were assigned the remaining numbers. Without knowing the source of the blood samples, I, and on occasions, Dr. Robert Gan and/or Dr. Martin, would examine the cultures and independently record our findings and interpretation. In each of several double blind studies, the occurrence of a positive culture among the blood donors occurred at a frequency far less than among the patients. Moreover, my results and interpretations were essentially identical to those of Dr. Gan and Dr. Martin. In my opinion, the assay was validated by these double-blind studies.

In performing patient related testing, I can confidently assert that all studies were performed with a very high degree of diligence and attention to detail. I take my responsibilities as a licensed medical technologist very seriously and recognize the importance of timely, accurate and reliable clinical results. I also recognize that stealth virus testing is breaking new grounds with regards to understanding the cause and the manifestations of chronic persisting fatiguing illnesses. I have spent many hours listening to patients describing their illnesses. I have also had regular telephone contact with the patient D.W. and have cultured blood samples from her on several occasions. In my opinion, the positive blood cultures seen in many of the patients can provide a likely explanation of their illness.

I have observed Dr. Martin performing cultures and discussing results with physicians and patients. He is a very dedicated, conscientious individual. His primary concern is to learn more about the viruses he has identified so that he might be of more assistance to virally infected patients. He has made numerous original observations on the cultures which he readily shared with me and asked for my input. Together, we have gained an in-depth understanding of the series of events leading to a positive culture and the role of inhibitory factors in suppressing the cytopathic effects seen in infrequently fed cultures. Dr. Martin has termed such factors "Epione." He has frequently expressed the belief that characterization of Epione will provide a means of potentially curing stealth virus infected patients.

I am also aware that running the laboratory has cost Dr. Martin considerable amounts of money. He feels compelled to pursue his passion.
I participated in a laboratory inspection conducted by the State of California inspectors in March, 2002. In my opinion, neither Dr. Martin nor I were provided the opportunity to explain or to fully demonstrate the culture methods. I reviewed the citations from this inspection and found many of them to be unreasonable and somewhat inappropriate. Nevertheless, along with Dr. Martin, I tried to answer each of the cited deficiencies and helped perform yet another double-blind study, the results of which were submitted to the State in August 2002.

As did Dr. Martin, I fully complied with the directive from CMS and the State that we cease to perform patient care (or physician reported) testing as of late August 2002.

In addition, to patient care related testing, I also participated with Dr. Martin in numerous research studies on positive stealth virus cultures. These studies involved identifying crystals and pigmented structures that would never be expected to occur in normal cultures.
Sworn to on this day of February, 2003 at Rosemead in the State of California, under perjury.

CLIA Licensure

Suspension of CLIA License

The telephone call was from the California Department of Health Services, Laboratory Field Office in Berkeley. Vague comments about the inspector from Los Angeles assigned to the bi-annual review of my laboratory being a novice. She needed supervision and accordingly she was going to be accompanied by an inspector from the main office. It was the beginning of a series of crocked comments that inevitably led to closure of the diagnostic component of the CCID laboratory. My initial reaction was that the State simply wanted to learn how to culture stealth viruses for their own well funded research. I had maintained very detailed protocols and thought at last there would be the willingness to provide official corroboration. Prior to the inspection, I put most of my effort into extending the potential scope of patient testing to include bacterial cultures and assays for alternative cellular energy pigments (ACE-pigments). I had prepared the protocol manuals for these procedures a
nd was going to ask for expedited approval.

The Inspectors arrived and immediately displayed their intention. I was to be occupied by the so called novice inspector (a fabrication), while the senior inspector tackled Russ Collins, CLS, with a series of pointed questions and demands for records. Following a lunch break I had the chance to speak briefly with the senior inspector. I could discern she had no interest in, nor concern for the big picture. I was wasting her time trying to discuss the brain biopsies, the clinical histories, recent scientific presentations, or past publications. The only interest shown was the copying of records, protocols and her expression of concerns that patients were being encouraged to order tests from the internet. I sensed her intent and casually mentioned that Igenex laboratory was recently shut down. She confirmed by concern by stating "yes indeed she was the one who had inspected their laboratory."

I maintained my conviction that having captured the protocols, the State laboratory would soon confirm my observations and that a more constructive dialogue would follow. I had submitted two research abstracts for meetings in Australia scheduled for July 2002. Both Abstracts had been accepted and I was preparing to leave the following week. As if she knew, I was contacted by the local inspector to be told that I had placed the Nation's Health into a state of Immediate Jeopardy. I was to expect such a determination and would have but 12 days to respond. The trip to Australia was cancelled with no refund. The lengthy negative determination arrived. I addressed each item logically and diligently and submitted my response on time. It was rejected within a day of receipt and the opinion that the laboratory was in Immediate Jeopardy was forwarded to the Federal Centers for Medicare Services (CMS).

I put my heart into a series of fruitless letters to CMS (copies attached). I sought but received no support from the Los Angeles County Health Department, CDC, or CMS employees. I recall commenting that some of the CMS letters were intimidating, especially in reference to potentially assessing civil fines. "They are intended to be!" was the officious response. I explained how the testing procedures were essentially similar to those that had been in place for over 10 years and that three prior inspections found on discrepancies. Yet now there were multiple criticisms, many of which had questionable significance. I did a final double blind study which gave consistent positives with patient's samples with 3 of the 10 positive among blood donors. Photos of the positive cultures were sent but to no avail. The CMS and California Department of Health were clearly willing to discount the findings. Testing ceased and all physicians who had ordered tests were informed that the testing was invalid.

The inspection process was a determined effort to discredit the laboratory rather than to honestly assess my firmly held belief that a viral epidemic was occurring in the country. The inspectors knew little about my research, showed no interests in previously signed declarations from Zaki Salahhudin, the discoverer of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), or from Russell Collins and Robert Gan, all of whom had independently performed double blind studies using the described assay. The senior inspector essentially avoided any further dialogue. She had completed her task of finding fault, including quite trivial issues. Her opinion was accepted as factual and provided the necessary cover for the hard line approach taken by others in the System. I could potentially appeal the CMS ruling but the system was rigged such that an unsuccessful appeal would have led to a two year prohibition against my directing any other clinical laboratory.

The laboratory closure was met with indifference from most, sympathy from some and gleefulness from a few. The distracters included a women intent on suing for a supposed misdiagnosis of chronic Lyme disease. She was seemingly in cahoots with the State Health Department apparently being kept better informed than I was on what was occurring. There was also the leader of a CFS support group who had previously disseminated baseless information from a "non-expert" concerning DNA sequence data on the original stealth virus isolate (to be described elsewhere).

Following the closure of the laboratory, NBC television assigned a devious reporter who reluctantly admitted she was being fed information from the woman who was suing me. I had no interest in engaging in a one-sided debate. The TV story appeared which added to more internet gossip.

With surprising equanimity, I listened to the legal advice to keep a low profile. I submitted two interesting papers that were published in June of this year. I became more of a physicist in order to pursue the research theme of alternative cellular energy pigments. I began to see the broader significance of what I was doing and how it related to the origins of AIDS and more importantly to the therapy and prevention of stealth viral disease transmission. I was able to have my opinion regarding AIDS transmitted to a World Trade Organization (WTO) internet news group, with a copy going to the AIDS advisor to the United Nations. I was also introduced to the man who kindly provided the MI Hope non-profit foundation that was successively named BioPhysics Institute and now S3Support. I saw great promise in this foundation especially since I was offered the support of a gentleman with great expertise in marketing. I realized that I had found the Epione that I had long sought and that possibly all I needed now was to conduct clinical studies. The path was leading to work with Native Americans.

Recently, I was invited to present my work in Singapore and am now scheduled to attend a fund raising program in Florida. I have discussed my goals with individuals who can provide products that are certainly worthwhile testing in humans and animals. NBC has reemerged apparently still wanting to interview patients. Life is never dull!

Curriculum Vitae of W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D.

Personnal

• Born Sydney Australia, 2-25-1941 . Resident USA since 1978.

• Married, wife Sue Ellen Martin, M.D., Ph.D., Two children, Sarah and Emily

• Residence since 1985 in South Pasadena CA 91030.

Education

• University of Sydney Australia . Graduated B.Sc. (Med) in 1963 and M.B., B.S. (M.D. equivalent) in 1965.

• Medical Residency at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia 1965-1966.

• University of Melbourne . Ph.D. in Immunology 1967-1979.

• Post-doctoral training at the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH (1970); Pathology Department, Harvard Medical School (1971), National Cancer Institute, NIH (1972) and University College London (1973-1974).

• Pathology Residency, National Naval Center, Bethesda Maryland (1980-1985)

Academic Appointments

• Visiting Scientist and Expert National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda , MD 1/71-9/72; 2/74-1/76

• Supervisory Medical Officer GS-14 and Head, Oncology Unit, Division of Virology, Bureau of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, NIH, Bethesda, MD 1/76-2/81

• Supervisory Medical Officer GS-15 and Head, Biological Resources Branch, Biological Response Modifiers Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda , MD 3/81-1/82

• Associate Professor of Pathology, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda , MD 1/82-6/85

• Professor of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine 7/85 - present. Tenured position with leave granted from 1996.

Clinical Appointments

• Chief of Immunology/Immunopathology Unit, Section of Laboratories and Pathology, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles , CA 7/85-6/93. Unit name change to Immunology/Molecular Pathology 7/88. Director of Flow Cytometry, 6/93 to 10/95

• Director of USC Infectious Diseases Laboratory and of USC Molecular Pathology Laboratory within the USC Clinical Laboratories, USC School of Medicine 1/88-10/95

Other Positions

• Founder and Director, Center for Complex Infectious Diseases, Rosemead, California 91770 (A research and clinical laboratory testing facility supported by donations and other funding managed by the National Heritage Foundation)

Board Certification

• Diplomat of the American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology 1983

• Diplomat of the American Board of Pathology in Anatomic and in Clinical Pathology 1984

• Special Competence Certification in Immunopathology, American Board of Pathology, 1984

• Special Competence Certification in Medical Microbiology, American Board of Pathology 1985

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PEER REVIEWED

1. Martin, W.J.: The cellular basis of immunological tolerance in newborn animals. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 44:605608, 1966.

• Martin, W.J., and Miller, J.F.A.P.: Site of action of antilymphocyte globulin. Lancet 2:1285-1287, 1967.

• Martin, W.J., and Miller, J.F.A.P.: Cell to cell interaction in the immune response. IV. Site of action of antilymphocyte globulin. J. Exp. Med. 128:855-874, 1968.

4. Martin, W.J., and Miller, J.F.A.P.: An assay for the immunosuppressive capacity of antilymphocyte serum based on its action on thymus-derived cells. Int. Arch. Allergy 35:163178, 1969.

5. Martin, W.J.: Experimental studies relating to the production and clinical testing of antihuman lymphocyte serum. Med. J. Aust. 2:450- 455, 1969.

6. Martin, W.J.: Assay for the immunosuppressive capacity of antilymphocyte serum. Evidence for opsonization. J. Immunol. 103:979-989, 1969.

7. Martin, W.J.: Assay for the immunosuppressive capacity of antilymphocyte serum. II. Nature and specificity of opsonizing antibody. J. Immunol. 103:990-999, 1969.

8. Martin, W.J.: Assay for the immunosuppressive capacity of antilymphocyte serum. III. Opsonizing activity of antihuman lymphocyte serum. J. Immunol. 103:1999-1005, 1969.

9. Ellman, L., Martin, W.J., Green, I. , and Benacerraf, B.: Linkage between the PLL gene and the locus controlling the major histocompatibility antigens in strain 2 guinea pigs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 66:322-328, 1970.

10. Ellman, L., Green, I. , and Martin, W.J.: Histocompatibility genes, immune responsiveness, and leukemia. Lancet 1:11041006, 1970.

• Martin, W.J., Ellman, L., Green, I. , and Benacerraf, B.: Histocompatibility type and immune responsiveness in random bred Hartley strain guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 132:125-126, 1970.

• Martin, W.J., Wunderlich, J.R., Fletcher, F., and Inman, J.K.: Enhanced immunogenicity of chemically coated tumor cells in syngeneic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68:469-472, 1971.

13. Martin, W.J., Maurer, P.H., and Benacerraf, B.: Genetic control of immune responsiveness to a glutamic acid, alanine, tyrosine copolymer in mice. Linkage of responsiveness to H-2 genotype. J. Immunol. 107:715-718, 1971.

• Martin, W.J., Finerty, J., and Rosenthal, A.: Isolation of plasmodium berghei (Malaria) organisms by ammonium chloride lysis of infected erythrocytes. Nature 233:260- 261, 1971.

15. Phillips, S.M., Martin, W.J., Shaw, A., and Wegmann, T.G.: Serum mediated immunological nonreactivity between histoincompatible cells in tetraparental mice. Nature 234:146-148, 1971.

16. Miller, J.F.A.P., Sprent, J., Basten, A., Warner, N.L., Breiner, J.C.S., Rowland, G., Hamilton , J., Silver, M., and Martin, W.J.: Cell to cell interaction in the immune response. VII. Requirement for active differentiation of thymus-derived cells. J. Exp. Med. 134:1266-1284, 1971.

17. Winfred, J.B., Martin, W.J., and Mage, R.G.: Immunization of neonatal rabbits with bovine serum albumin associated with allogeneic thymus cells. Int. Arch. Allergy 41:895909. 1971.

18. Martin, W.J., Wunderluch, R.J., and Macdonald, J.: Suppressed development of cytotoxic lymphoid cells in tumor immunized mice. Israel J. Med. Sci. 9:324-331, 1973.

19. Wunderlich, J.R., Martin, W.J., and Macdonald, J.: Functional efficiency of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphoid cells. Israel J. Med. Sci. 9:317-323, 1973.

20. Martin, W.J., Esber, E., Cotton, W.M., and Rice, J.M.: Derepression of alloantigens in malignancy. Evidence for tumor susceptibility antigens and for possible self-reactivity of lymphoid cells active in the microcytotoxicity assay. Br. J. Cancer 28 Supp. 1:48-61, 1973.

21. Martin, W.J., and Martin, S.E.: Naturally occurring cytotoxic antitumor antibodies in sera of congenitally athymic (nude) mice. Nature 249:564-565, 1974.

22. Martin, W.J.: Immune surveillance directed against derepressed cellular and viral alloantigens. Cell Immunol. 15:1-10, 1975.

23. Martin, S.E., and Martin, W.J.: Anti-tumor antibodies in normal mouse sera. Int. J. Cancer 15:658-664, 1975.

• Martin, S.E., and Martin, W.J.: Interspecies brain antigen detected by naturally occurring mouse anti-brain autoantibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:1036-1040, 1975.

25. Martin, W.J., and Martin, S.E.: Thymus reactive IgM autoantibodies in normal mouse sera. Nature 254:716-618, 1975.

26. Martin, S.E., and Martin, W.J.: X chromosome linked defect of CBA/HEN mice in production of tumor reactive naturally occurring IgM antibodies. J. Immunol. 115:502-507, 1975.

27. Martin, W.J., Esber, E., Cotton, W.G., and Rice, J.M.: Normal tissue alloantigens and genetic control of susceptibility to tumors. Microcytotoxicity studies on resistant C3Hf and susceptible (A x C3Hf) F1 mice inoculated with transplacentally induced C3Hf lung tumor. J. Immunol. 115:289-295, 1975.

28. Martin, S.E., and Martin, W.J.: Expression by human neuroblastoma cells of an antigen recognized by naturally occurring mouse anti-brain anti-antibody. Cancer Res. 35:26092612, 1975.

29. Martin, S.E., and Martin, W.J.: Naturally occurring cytotoxic tumor reactive antibodies directed against type C viral envelope antigens. Nature 256:498-499, 1975.

30. Martin, W.J., Gipson, T.G., Martin, S.E., and Rice, J.M.: Derepressed alloantigen on transplacentally induced tumor coded for by H-2 linked gene. Science 194:532-533, 1976.

31. Papas, T.S., Renzi, G.R., and Martin, W.J.: Immunological distinction between ribonuclease H activity of and B forms of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMY) DNA polymerase. Virology 76:882-885, 1977.

32. Martin, W.J., Gipson T.G., and Rice, J.M.: H-2a-associated alloantigen expressed by several transplancentally-induced lung tumors of C3Hf mice. Nature 265:738-739, 1977.

33. Ennis, F.A., Martin, W.J., Verbonitz, M.W., and Butchko, G.M.: Specificity studies on cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes reactive with influenza virus-infected cells: Evidence for dual recognition of H-2 and viral hemagglutinin antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74:3005-3010, 1977.

34. Ennis, F.A., Martin, W.J., Verbonitz, M.W.: Hemagglutininspecific cytotoxic T-cell response during influenza infection. J. Exp. Med. 146:893-898, 1977.

35. Ennis, F.A., Martin, W.J., and Verbonitz, M.W.: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced in mice by inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Nature 269:418-419, 1977.

36. Ennis, F.A., Martin, W.J., and Verbonitz, M.W.: Distinct recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin and H-2 antigens by cytotoxic thymus- derived lymphocytes. Dev. Biol. Stand. 39:373-378, 1977.

37. Martin, W.J., Gipson, T.G., Conliffe, M.D., Dove, L., Friedman, R.J., and Rice, J.M.: Common tumor associated transplantation antigen detected on a proportion of lung tumors induced transplacentally in several strains of mice. Transplantation 24:294-294, 1977.

38. Gipson, T.G., and Martin, W.J.: In vivo anti-tumor immunity detected by leukocyte adherence inhibition. Can. Immunol. Immunother. 3:210- 205, 1978.

39. Martin, W.J., Gipson, T.G., Conliffe, M.A., Cotton, W.G., Dove, L., and Rice, J.M.: Histocompatibility difference between C3HfeB/HeN and C3H/HeN mice. J. Immunogenet. 5:225-260, 1978.

40. Gipson, T.G., Imamura, M., Conliffe, M.A., and Martin, W.J.: Lung tumor associated derepressed alloantigen coded for by the K region of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. J. Exp. Med. 147:1363-1373, 1978.

41. Butchko, G., Armstrong, R.B., Martin, W.J., and Ennis, F.A.: Influenza A viruses of the H2N2 subtype are lymphocyte mitogens. Nature 271:66- 69, 1978.

42. Aulakh, G., Hicks, J.T., Martin, W.J., and Phillips, P.W.: Search for Type C oncornavirus-related genetic information in tissues from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arth. Rheum. 21:880-884, 1978.

43. Imamura, M., Gipson, T.G., Bensky, N., Justice, R., and Martin, W.J.: Lung tumor reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in mixed lymphocyte reaction between C3HfeB/HeN (N-2kb) and C3H/HeN (H-2k) strain mice. J. Immunol. 122:1863-1866, 1979.

44. Imamura, M., and Martin, W.J.: Variation in expression and immunogenicity of an H-2 coded alloantigen on murine tumors. J. Immunogenet. 7:31-37, 1980.

45. Martin, W.J., and Imamura, M.: Variable expression of histocompatibility antigens on tumor cells. Clin. Immunol. Immunother. 8:219, 1980.

46. Pope, B.L., Justice, R., Sarma, C., and Martin, W.J.: Nonspecific cytotoxic cells generated in vitro in response to a weakly immunogenic murine adenocarcinoma. In vivo correlations. Int. J. Cancer 28:77-83, 1981.

47. Martin, W.J., and Imamura, M.: Differential suspectability of spleen cells from C3H/HeN (H-2k) and C3HfB/NeN (H-2kvl) mouse strains to cytotoxicity by monoclonal and anti Kk

antibody (clone 11-4.1). J. Immunogenet. 8:73-76, 1981.

48. Pope, B.L., Hapel, A., Martin, W.J., Merchant, B., and Ennis, F.: An assay for virus specific help. J. Immunol. Methods 40:95-99, 1981.

49. Callahan, G.N., Martin, W.J., and Pardi, D.: Biochemical comparison of H-2K antigen isolated from C3HfB/HeN mice. Immunogenet. 12:561-568, 1981.

50. Callahan, G.N., Martin, W.J., and Pardi, D.: Biochemical comparison of H-2K antigen isolated from mutant C3HfB/HeN and parent C3HeN mice. J. Immunol. 128:2116-2120, 1982.

51. Imamura, M., and Martin, W.J.: Variation in histocompatibility antigen expression on murine tumors. Differences in expression and immunogenicity of H-2K region coded unique antigens. J. Immunol. 192:877-881, 1982.

52. Callahan, G.N., Pardi, D., Giedlin, M.A., Allison, J.A., Monzot, P.M., and Martin, W.J.: Biochemical evidence for expression of a semi- allogeneic H-2 antigen by a murine adenocarcinoma. J. Immunol. 130:471-479, 1983.

53. Geidlin, M.A., Martin, W.J., and Callahan, G.N.: Immunochemical characterization of Ia antigens on the murine adenocarcinoma LT-85. J Natl. Cancer Inst. 71:825-834, 1983.

54. Doyle, A., Martin, W.J., Keiko, F., Gazdar, A., Carney, D.M., Martin, S.E., Linnoila, I. , Cuttitta, F., Mulshine, J., Bunn, P., and Minna, J.: Markedly decreased expression of class I histocompatibility antigens, protein and mRNA in human small-cell lung cancer. J. Exp. Med. 161:1135-1151, 1985.

• Shibata, D.K., Arnheim, N. and Martin, W.J.: Detection of human papilloma virus in paraffin-embedded tissue using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Exp. Med. 167:225-230, 1988

56. Almoguera, C., Shibata, D., Forrester, K., Martin, W.J., Arnheim, N. and Perucho, M.: Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes. Cell. 53:549- 554, 1988

57. Shibata, D., Yao , S.F., Gupta, J.W., Shah, K.V., Arnheim, N. and Martin, W.J.: The detection of human papillomavirus in normal and dysplastic tissue by the polymerase chain reaction. Lab. Invest. Vol.59:555-559 ,1988

58. Shibata, D., Martin, W.J. and Arnheim, N.: Molecular "archaeology"; the presence of human papilloma virus in the late 1940's. Can. Res. 48:4564-4566, 1988

• Vogel, J.M., Davis , A.C., McKinney , D.M., Macmillan, M., Martin, W.J. and Goodekow, R.S. Molecular characterization of the C3HfB/HeN H-2K m2 mutation: Implications for the molecular basis of alloreactivity. J.Exp. Med. 168: 1781-1800, 1988.

60. Shibata D, Martin WJ, Appleman MD, et al. Detection of cytomegaloviral DNA in peripheral blood of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 158: 1185-1192, 1988.

61. Shibata, D., Cosgrove, M. Arnheim! N., Martin, W.J., and Martln, S.E. Detection of human papilomavirus in fine needle aspirates of metastatic cervical carcinomas using the poly merase chain reaction. Diag. Cytopathol. :540-43, 1989.

62. Kiyabu, M. Shibata, D., Arnheim, N., Martin, W.J., Fitzgibbons, P.: Detection of human papillomavirus in formalin fixed invasive squamous carcinomas using the polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. Clin. Path. :13: 221-224, 1989.

63. McDonnel J.M., Mayr A. and Martin, W.J.: Detection of human paplllomavlrus type 16 in dysplasias and squamous carcinomas of the conjunctive. N. Eng. J. Med 320; 1442-1446, 1989.

64. Rao N.A., Atalla 1., Linker-Israeli M., George F.W., Martin W.J., Steinman L.: Suppression of experimental uveitis in rats by anti ANTI-IA antibodies. Invest. Ophthalmol-Vis-Sci 30; 2348-2355, 1989.

65. Vogel J.M., Macmillan M., Martin W.J., and Goodenow R.S., Evidence that the derivation of lung adenocarcinoma LT85 predated establishment of the H-2KmZ mutation in a C3Hf colony of mice. J.Immunogenet. 164; 363-371, 1989.

66. Mc Donnel J., Mc Donnel P., Martin W.J.: Detection of Human Papilloma virus type 16 in a recurrent squamous carcinoma of the eye lid. Arch. Ophthalmol. 107; 1631-1634, 1989.

67. Greenspoon JS, Martin WJ, Greenspoon RL, McNamara BT. Necessity for routine screening for hepatitis B surface antigen. J. Reproduct. Med. 34; 655-8, 1989.

68. George F., Law J., Rich K., Martin W.J: Identification of a T cell epitope on the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax. Infection and Immunity. 58; 575-78, 1990.

69. Rich KA, George FW, Law J. Martin WJ.: Cell adhesive motif in the circumspozoite (CS) gene of malaria. Science 249; 1574-1576, 1990.

70. Mohabeer A, Hiti A, Martin WJ.: Non-radioactive detection of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) using the Pharmacia Phast System. Nuc. Acids Res. 19; 3154, 1991.

71. Sullivan SM, Gieseler RKH, Lenzner S. Ruppert J. Gabrysiak TG, Peters JH, Cox G. Richer L, Martin WJ, Scolaro MJ. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 proliferation by liposome-encapsulated sense DNA to the 5' TAT spliceacceptor site. Antisense Res. Develop. 2; 187-197 1992.

72. Biswas J. Mayr AJ, Martin WJ, Rao NA. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in ocular tissue by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthal 231: 66-70 (1993)

73. Martin WJ, Zeng LC, Ahmed K, Roy M. Cytomegalovirus-related sequences in an atypical cytopathic virus repeatedly isolated from a patient with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Am. J. Path. 145: 441-452, 1994.

74. Martin WJ. Stealth virus isolated from an autistic child. J. Aut. Dev. Dis. 25:223-224,1995

75. Martin WJ, Ahmed KN, Zeng LC, Olsen J-C, Seward JG, Seehrai JS. African green monkey origin of the atypical cytopathic 'stealth virus' isolated from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin. Diag. Virol. 4: 93-103, 1995.

• Martin WJ, Glass RT. Acute encephalopathy induced in cats with a stealth virus isolated from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome. Pathobiology 63: 115-118, 1995.

77. Gollard RP, Mayr A, Rice DA, Martin WJ. Herpesvirus-related sequences

in salivary gland tumors. J. Exp. Clin. Can. Res. 15: 1-4, 1996.

78. Martin WJ. Genetic instability and fragmentation of a stealth viral genome. Pathobiology 64:9-17, 1996.

79. Martin WJ. Severe stealth virus encephalopathy following chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness: Clinical and histopathological features. Pathobiology 64:1-8, 1996.

80. Martin WJ. Stealth viral encephalopathy: Report of a fatal case complicated by cerebral vasculitis. Pathobiology 64:59-63, 1996.

81. Martin WJ. Simian cytomegalovirus-related stealth virus isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with bipolar psychosis and acute encephalopathy. Pathobiology 64:64-66, 1996.

82. Martin WJ, Anderson D: Stealth virus epidemic in the Mohave Valley . Initial report of viral isolation. Pathobiology 65:51-56, 1997.

• Martin WJ. Cellular sequences in stealth viruses. Patobiology 66:53-58, 1998.

• Magyarosy E, Martin WJ, Chu EW, Martin SE. Differential diagnostic significance of the paucity of HLA-I antigens on metastatic breast carcinoma cells in effusions. Pathol Oncol Res 5:32-5, 1999

• Martin WJ. Bacteria related sequences in a simian cytomegalovirus-derived stealth virus culture. Exp Mol Path. 66: 8-14, 1999.

• Martin WJ. Stealth adaptation of an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus . Exp Mol Path. 66:3-7, 1999.

• Martin WJ. Melanoma Growth stimulatory activity (MGSA/GRO-alpha) chemokine genes incorporated into an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV)-derived stealth virus. Exp Mol Path. 66: 15-18,1999.

• Martin WJ, Anderson D. Stealth Virus Epidemic in the Mohave Valley : Severe vacuolating encephalopathy in a child presenting with a behavioral disorder. Exp Mol Pathol. 66:19-30 1999.

• Martin WJ. Chemokine receptor-related sequences in an African green monkey simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV)-derived stealth virus. Exp Mol Path. 69: 10-16, 2000.

• Martin WJ. Complex intracellular inclusions in the brain of a child with a

stealth virus encephalopathy. Exp Mol Path 74: 179-209, 2003..

• Stealth Virus Culture Pigments: A Potential Source of Cellular Energy. Exp. Mol. Path. 74: 210-223, 2003.

NON-PEER REVIEWED (conference abstracts and proceedings, partial listing)

• Martin, W.J., and Miller, J.F.A.P.: Assay for the opsonizing activity of anti-lymphocyte serum. In Propriates Immuno-depressive Et Mechanisme D' action Du Serum Antilymphocytaire. Collog. Int. Du Centre National de la Researche Scientifique 1190:111-120, 1971.

2. Martin, W.J., Esber, E., and Wunderlich, J.R.: Evidence for the suppression of the development of cytotoxic lymphoid cells in tumor immunized mice. Fed. Proc. 32:173-179, 1973.

3. Martin, W.J., and Wunderlich, J.R.: Immune response of mice to concanavalin A-coated El-4 leukemia. National Cancer Institute Monograph No. 35: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1972, pp.295-299.

4. Wunderlich, J., Martin, W.J., Macdonald, J., and Fletcher, F.: Functional capacity of cytotoxic lymphoid cells . National Cancer Institute Monograph No. 35: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1972, pp. 243-249.

5. Esber, E., Martin, S.E., and Martin, W.J.: Nerve and tumor specific antigens in mouse and human neuroblastoma cells . Proc. Int. Symp. Neuroblastoma, Genoa , Italy , Gaslini 11:157-164, 1979.

• Martin, W.J., Martin, S.E., and Rice, J.M.: Cross-reactive tumor associated antigens detected on murine tumors by naturally occurring antibodies ln mouse sera . Proc. Third. Intl., Symp. Detection and Prevention of Cancer. Marcel Decker Ind. , New York,

7. Martin, W.J.: Report of workshop on natural tumor immunity and surveillance . Progress in Immunology III. Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Immunology. Sydney , Australia . Ed. T.E. Mandell, et al. North Holland Publish ing Co., New York, pp. 827-828, 1978.

8. Martin, W.J., and Esber, E.E.: Enhanced immunogenicity of concanavalin coated tumor cells . Proc. Intl. Conf. Xenogenization of Tumor Cells, Sapporo, Japan, 1978, GANN, Monoraph on Cancer Res. 23:111, 1978

9. Immura, M., and Martin, W.J.: Variation in expression of H- 2 histocompatibility antigens on tumor cells . Transplant Proc. 12:77-79, 1980.

10. Hapel, A.J., Cole, G.A., Pope, B., and Martin, W.J.: Microvesicle induced antigen transfer to target cell membranes . Transplant Proc. 12:91-94, 1980.

11. Martin, W.J.: MHC coded unique alloantigens and anti-tumor immunity . Transplant Proc. 13:1837-1840, 1981.

12. Martin, W.J.: Structural and functional alterations of MHC coded antigens on tumor cells. Transplant Proc. 15:2097-3000, 1983.

13. Martin, W.J., and George, F.W.: Potential mode of action of adjuvants used for malarial vaccines. in Proceedings of First Asian and Pacific Conference on Malaria. Uni. Hawaii Press 1985

14. Martin, W.J.: An overview of FDA requirements for vaccine development. in Proceedings of First Asian and Pacific Conference on Malaria Uni. Hawaii Press 1985

15. Martin W.J. Detection of viral related sequences in CFS patients using the polymerase chain reaction.in "The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Byron M. Hyde Editor. Nightingdale Research Foundation Press. Ottawa Canada pp 278-283, 1992.

16. Martin W.J. Viral infection in CFS patients. in "The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Byron M. Hyde Editor. Nightingdale Research Foundation Press. Ottawa Canada pp 325-327, 1992.

17. Martin W.J. Chronic fatigue syndrome (letter). Science 255: 663, 1992.

• Martin W.J. Stealth viruses as neuropathogens. CAP Today 8 67-70, 1994

• Martin WJ. Viteria: Bacterial Sequences in Animal and Human Viruses. J Degenerative Dis. 1:1999

• Martin WJ Brain damage in stealth virus infected children. The Mind of a Child Conf. Proc. 1; 17-24, 1999.

• Martin WJ. Stealth viruses. Explore 10: 17-21, 2001

BOOK REVIEWS

1. Neuroblastoma. Clinical and Biologic Manifestations. Ed. Carl Pochedly, 1982. Reviewed for New England Journal of Medicine, 1983.

• Immunodiagnosis for Clinicians: Interpretations for Immunoassays. Eds. M.H. Grieco and D.K. Meriney, 1983. Reviewed for New England Journal of Medicine, 1983.

• Molecular Immunology. A Textbook. Eds. M.Z. Atassi, C.J.Van Oss, and D.R. Absolom, 1984. Reviewed for New England Journal of Medicine, 311:925-926, 1984

• Sandritter's Color Atlas and Textbook of Histopathology. Eds. C. Thomas and

G.W. Richter.VII Edition, 1984. Re viewed for New England Journal of Medicine, 312:798, 1985.

CHAPTERS

1. Green, I., Ellman, L., Martin, W.J., and Benacerraf, B.: Genetic control of immuni responsiveness in guinea pigs. In: Cellular Interactions in the Immune Response. (Eds. Z. Cohen, G. Cudkowicz, and R.T. McCluskey), pp. 148-156.

2. Martin, W.J., Wunderlich, R.R., and MacDonald, J.: Suppressed development of cytotoxic lymphoid cells in tumor-immunized mice In Immunoligical Parametes of Host Tumor Relationships. Vol. 2. Ed. David W. Weiss, Academic Press, New York, pp. 120-127, 1974

3. Wunderlich, J.R., Martin, W.J., and MacDonald, J.: Functional efficiency of antitumor cytotoxic lymphoid cells In: Immunological Parameters of Host Tumor Relationships. Vol. 2 (Ed. by David W. Weiss) Academic Press, New York . pp. 113-119, 1974.

4. Martin, W.J.: Use of concanavalin A to enhance immunogenicity of tumors antigens. In: Concanavalin A as a Tool. (Ed. H. Brittinger) Academic Press. Chapter 54, pp. 363-571, 1981.

5. Martin, W.J.: Tumor Immunology - Overview In: Comprehensive Textbook of Oncology 2nd Edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore MD. Moossa AR , Schimpff SC and Robson MC, Editors. pp 101-103, 1991.

6. Martin, W.J.: Polymerase Chain Reaction: A tool for the modern pathologist. In: Molecular Diagnostics in Pathology United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Inc. series "Techniques in Diagnostic Pathology" CM. Fenoglio-Preiser and CL. Willman, Editors pp 21-46, 1991

7. Martin, W.J.: Infectious Disease Testing in The Polymerase Chain Reaction Birkhauser, Boston MA . K.B. Mullis, F. Ferre and R.A. Gibbs, Editors. 1994